[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.hkt.sk\/onkologicke-ochorenia-u-deti\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.hkt.sk\/onkologicke-ochorenia-u-deti\/","headline":"Onkologick\u00e9 ochorenia u det\u00ed","name":"Onkologick\u00e9 ochorenia u det\u00ed","description":"Z celkov\u00e9ho po\u010dtu pacientov s mal\u00edgnymi novotvarmi predstavuj\u00fa deti do 15 rokov nie viac ako 2%. Napriek tomu sa ka\u017edoro\u010dne zist\u00ed 4,5 a\u017e 6,5 tis\u00edc det\u00ed s mal\u00edgnymi n\u00e1dormi. Pod\u013ea<span class=\"more-button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hkt.sk\/onkologicke-ochorenia-u-deti\/\" class=\"more-link\">Pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Onkologick\u00e9 ochorenia u det\u00ed<\/span><\/a><\/span>","datePublished":"2018-09-09","dateModified":"2018-09-09","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.hkt.sk\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.hkt.sk\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/093836c6bc976bea6a4c3cd39f9136c261430c33201aa865249fef2be34e3fdb?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/093836c6bc976bea6a4c3cd39f9136c261430c33201aa865249fef2be34e3fdb?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"hkt.sk","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.hkt.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a293081_w16544_t1541781519.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.hkt.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a293081_w16544_t1541781519.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.hkt.sk\/onkologicke-ochorenia-u-deti\/","wordCount":414,"articleBody":"Z celkov\u00e9ho po\u010dtu pacientov s mal\u00edgnymi novotvarmi predstavuj\u00fa deti do 15 rokov nie viac ako 2%. Napriek tomu sa ka\u017edoro\u010dne zist\u00ed 4,5 a\u017e 6,5 tis\u00edc det\u00ed s mal\u00edgnymi n\u00e1dormi. Pod\u013ea \u0161tatist\u00edk Svetovej zdravotn\u00edckej organiz\u00e1cie je rakovina druhou naj\u010dastej\u0161ou pr\u00ed\u010dinou smrti det\u00ed po n\u00e1silnej smrti (zranenie, vra\u017eda, samovra\u017eda). Na\u0161\u0165astie viac ako 70-80% detsk\u00fdch onkologick\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed je lie\u010dite\u013en\u00e9. Je to kv\u00f4li zvl\u00e1\u0161tnosti fyziol\u00f3gie a histol\u00f3gie n\u00e1dorov, s ktor\u00fdmi sa stret\u00e1vame v detstve.\t\tPr\u00ed\u010diny rakoviny u det\u00edPr\u00ed\u010dinou akejko\u013evek rakoviny s\u00fa\u00a0 genetick\u00e9 poruchy v jednej z buniek, \u010do vedie k nekontrolovan\u00e9mu rastu a reprodukcii n\u00e1dorov\u00e9ho tkaniva. Ak v\u0161ak u dospel\u00fdch m\u00f4\u017eeme identifikova\u0165 viacer\u00e9 rizikov\u00e9 faktory, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu vies\u0165 k tak\u00fdmto mut\u00e1ci\u00e1m, potom v pr\u00edpade det\u00ed s\u00fa mal\u00e9 genetick\u00e9 anom\u00e1lie prenesen\u00e9\u00a0 od rodi\u010dov. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina z n\u00e1s m\u00e1 tak\u00e9to anom\u00e1lie, ale nie v\u0161etky z nich ved\u00fa k rozvoju n\u00e1dorov. Rizikov\u00e9 faktory ovplyv\u0148uj\u00face samotn\u00e9 die\u0165a (o\u017earovanie, faj\u010denie, nepriazniv\u00e9 podmienky prostredia) nie s\u00fa tak\u00e9 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9.Treba pam\u00e4ta\u0165 na to, \u017ee mnoh\u00e9 genetick\u00e9 ochorenia, ako je Downov syndr\u00f3m alebo Kleinfelterov syndr\u00f3m, Fanconiho an\u00e9mia, s\u00fa spojen\u00e9 so zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm rizikom vzniku rakoviny.\t\tKlasifik\u00e1cia rakovinyNaj\u010dastej\u0161ie deti trpia rakovinou krvotvorn\u00fdch org\u00e1nov (leuk\u00e9mia, mal\u00edgne lymf\u00f3my, lymfogranulomat\u00f3za ) &#8211; 70%. Tieto n\u00e1dory sa naz\u00fdvaj\u00fa hemoblast\u00f3za. Menej \u010dast\u00e9 s\u00fa n\u00e1dory centr\u00e1lneho nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, kost\u00ed a m\u00e4kk\u00fdch tkan\u00edv. Najviac vz\u00e1cne s\u00fa &#8222;dospel\u00e9&#8220; formy rakoviny &#8211; 3% (n\u00e1dory ko\u017ee, org\u00e1nov at\u010f.).\t\tDiagn\u00f3za rakoviny u det\u00ed\u010casto s\u00fa n\u00e1dory len n\u00e1hodne detekovan\u00e9 po\u010das profylaktick\u00fdch vy\u0161etren\u00ed. To je d\u00f4vod, pre\u010do s\u00fa pravideln\u00e9 lek\u00e1rske vy\u0161etrenia tak d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9. Ak je podozrenie na onkologick\u00fa chorobu, pediater po\u0161le die\u0165a na vykonanie \u010fal\u0161\u00edch testov.\u00a0 Kone\u010dn\u00e1 diagn\u00f3za vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine pr\u00edpadov sa stanov\u00ed po biopsii. Biopsia je mal\u00e1 oper\u00e1cia, ktor\u00e1 odde\u013euje \u010das\u0165 n\u00e1dorov\u00e9ho tkaniva na histologick\u00e9 vy\u0161etrenie. Pod\u013ea v\u00fdsledkov biopsie objas\u0148uj\u00fa variant n\u00e1doru a ur\u010duj\u00fa \u0161t\u00e1dium ochorenia. Z f\u00e1zy z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed od v\u00fdberu lie\u010dby. Pre n\u00e1dory krvotvorn\u00fdch org\u00e1nov je takouto biopsiou punkcia kostnej drene.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Onkologick\u00e9 ochorenia u det\u00ed","item":"https:\/\/www.hkt.sk\/onkologicke-ochorenia-u-deti\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]